Nature Benefits in Kenya: an Atlas of Ecosystem and Human Well-Being

Nature’s Benefits in Kenya: An Atlas of Ecosystems and Human Well-Being integrates spatial data on poverty and the environment in Kenya, providing a new approach to examining the links between ecosystem services (the benefits derived from nature) and the poor. This publication focuses on the environmental resources most Kenyans rely on to earn their livelihoods, such as soil, water, forest, rangeland, livestock, and wildlife. The atlas overlays georeferenced statistical information on population and household expenditures with spatial data on ecosystems and their services (water availability, wood supply, wildlife populations, and the like) to yield a picture of how land, people, and prosperity are related in Kenya. In Kenya’s national development plans, improving the health and prosperity of Kenyan families while also safeguarding the natural environment and the many important economic and spiritual benefits it provides are identified as top priorities. Attaining these multiple development goals means that policymakers and civil society groups need to access information and analysis on the numerous interconnections among environmental resources, human well-being, and economic expansion. The maps and analyses presented in this atlas are a first attempt to provide such information. This information can be used in developing poverty reduction programs and in designing policies for water resources management, agriculture production, biodiversity preservation, and charcoal production, among others. The maps and analyses presented here will not provide easy answers to questions concerning the causes of poverty in Kenya and how ecosystems can best be managed to increase economic growth and improve livelihoods. But they are a first step toward stimulating more informed dialogue and provoking questions for which answers may be found. With up-to-date data and additional analyses, the implementation of Kenya’s Economic Recovery Strategy (and its successor strategy) can be targeted to specific geographic areas of the country, focusing on the poor, and making better use of Kenya’s natural resources

اثر الرضا الوظيفي لدى معلمي مدارس التعليم الأساسي، الحلقة الثانية (5-10) بسلطنة عمان = The effect of job satisfaction on organizational commitment among schools’ teachers (5-10) in Oman

هدف هذا البحث إلى اختبار أثر الرضا الوظيفي في الالتزام التنظيمي لدى معلمي مدارس التعليم الاساسي الحلقة الثانية (5-10)بسلطنة عمان ، حيث اعتمد الباحثون في هذة الدراسة المنهج المسحي الوصفي الذي يعد منهجًا ملائمًا لطبيعة هذه الدراسة وأهدافها، وطبقًا لطبيعة الدراسة فقد استخدم الباحث في جمع بيانات هذه البحث المنهج الكمي مستخدما الطريقة المستعرضة (cross-sectional) في جمع بيانات البحث، مسخدما استبانة مكونه من (69) فقرة لجمع البيانات المتعلقة بمتغيرات الدراسة، وتم توزيعها على عينة دراسية بلغ عددها (1000) معلم ومعلمة في سبع محافظات تعليمية بسلطنة عمان، تم اختيارهم باستخدام العينه الطبقة العشوائية، وتمكن الباحث من الحصول هلى (846)استبانة صالحة للتحليل الاحصائي منها (419) معلما، و (427) معلمة، وتم ادخالها في برنامج (24 SPSS Version ) لاجراء التحليلات الزصفية، كما تم استخدام (AMOS Version 24 ) لاجراء التحليل العالمي التوكيدي (CFA ) لتقييم صدق البيانات وثباتها، كما تم استخدام برنامج AMOS لدراسة العلاقات بين متغيرات الدراسة، حيث كشفت نتائج الدراسة عن وجود تأثير مباشر للرضا الوظيفي على الالتزام التنظيمي، كما أظهرت النتائج وجود تأثير تفاعلي لمتغير المؤهل العلمي في العلاقة بين الرضا الوظيفي والالتزام التنظيمي فيما لا يوجد تأثير تفاعلي لمتغيري النوع الاجتماعي وسنوات الخبرة وقد تضمنت الدراسة عددًا من التوصيات والمقترحات للدراسات المستقبلية. **************************************************************************** The aim of this research was to examine the effect of job satisfaction on organizational commitment among teachers’ schools in Oman. The descriptive survey design was adopted in this quantitative study using cross-sectional method to collect data. A five likert-scale questionnaire consisting of (69) items was distributed amongst 1000 teachers in seven educational governorates in Oman. Stratified random sampling was employed to obtain (846) questionnaires, out these 846 participants 419 were males and 427 were males. SPSS version 26 was used to conduct the descriptive analysis, while AMOS (version 24) was used to perform confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the validity and reliability of this study model. AMOS was also used to examine the relationships between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The results revealed a significant direct impact of job satisfaction on organizational commitment. It also showed that teachers’ qualification plays the role moderation role between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. However, both teachers’ gender and teaching experience do not exert any moderation effect between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The study concluded with recommendations and suggestions for future studies